Agar, M. (2003) ‘My Kingdom for a Function: Modeling Misadventures of the Innumerate’, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 6(3). Available at: http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/6/3/8.html.
Ahmed, M. and Ogden, J. (1987) ‘Population dynamics of the emergent conifer(D. Don) Lindl. (Kauri) in New Zealand I. Population structures and tree growth rates in mature stands’, New Zealand Journal of Botany, 25(2), pp. 217–229. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1987.10410068.
Ashton, A., Murray, A.B. and Arnault, O. (2001) ‘Formation of coastline features by large-scale instabilities induced by high-angle waves’, Nature, 414(6861), pp. 296–300. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/35104541.
Ashton, A.D. and Murray, A.B. (2006) ‘High-angle wave instability and emergent shoreline shapes: 1. Modeling of sand waves, flying spits, and capes’, Journal of Geophysical Research, 111(F4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JF000422.
B. T. Werner (1995) ‘Eolian dunes: Computer simulations and attractor interpretation’, Geology, 23(12), pp. 1107–1110. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613.
‘Banded vegetation: development under uniform rainfall from a simple cellular automaton model’ (no date). Available at: http://link.springer.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/article/10.1023/A:1009725732740.
Beck, M.B. (1987) ‘Water quality modeling: A review of the analysis of uncertainty’, Water Resources Research, 23(8), pp. 1393–1442. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i008p01393.
Bock, R.K. and Krischer, W. (1998) The Data Analysis BriefBook [electronic resource]. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03725-6.
Botkin, D.B. (1993) Forest dynamics: an ecological model [electronic resource]. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/auckland/detail.action?docID=3051918.
Botsford, L.W. (1997) ‘The Management of Fisheries and Marine Ecosystems’, Science, 277(5325), pp. 509–515. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5325.509.
Bracken, L.J. and Wainwright, J. (2006) ‘Geomorphological equilibrium: myth and metaphor?’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 31(2), pp. 167–178. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2006.00204.x.
Breckling, B., Jopp, F. and Reuter, H. (2010) ‘System Analysis and Context Assessment’, in Modelling complex ecological dynamics. Berlin: Springer, pp. 43–54. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05029-9_4.
Castella, J.-C., Trung, T.N. and Boissau, S. (2005) ‘Ecology and Society: Participatory Simulation of Land-Use Changes in the Northern Mountains of Vietnam: the Combined Use of an Agent-Based Model, a Role-Playing Game, and a Geographic Information System’, Ecology and Society, 10(1). Available at: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol10/iss1/art27/.
Castree, N. et al. (2005) ‘Models, modelling, and geography’, in Questioning geography: fundamental debates. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. Available at: http://auckland.eblib.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/patron/Read.aspx?p=243571&pg=220.
Castree, N., Rogers, A. and Sherman, D.J. (2005) Questioning geography: fundamental debates. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/auckland/detail.action?docID=243571.
Chorley, R.J. and Kennedy, B.A. (1971) Physical geography: a systems approach. London: Prentice-Hall.
Coco, G. and Murray, A.B. (2007) ‘Patterns in the sand: From forcing templates to self-organization’, Geomorphology, 91(3–4), pp. 271–290. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.04.023.
Coe, M.J., Cumming, D.H. and Phillipson, J. (1976) ‘Biomass and production of large African herbivores in relation to rainfall and primary production’, Oecologia, 22(4), pp. 341–354. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00345312.
Dawson, R.J. et al. (2009) ‘Integrated analysis of risks of coastal flooding and cliff erosion under scenarios of long term change’, Climatic Change, 95(1–2), pp. 249–288. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-008-9532-8.
DeAngelis, D.L. and Mooji, W.M. (2003) ‘In praise of mechanistically rich models’, in C.D.W. Canham, J. Cole, and W.K. Lauenroth (eds) Models in ecosystem science. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, pp. 63–83.
Diamond, J.M. (2002) ‘Archaeology: Life with the artificial Anasazi’, Nature, 419(6907), pp. 567–569. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/419567a.
Dickson, M.E., Walkden, M.J.A. and Hall, J.W. (2007) ‘Systemic impacts of climate change on an eroding coastal region over the twenty-first century’, Climatic Change, 84(2), pp. 141–166. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9200-9.
Donovan, T.M. and Welden, C.W. (2002) Spreadsheet exercises in conservation biology and landscape ecology. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates.
Drechsler, M. (1998) ‘Sensitivity analysis of complex models’, Biological Conservation, 86(3), pp. 401–412. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00021-4.
Easton, V.J. and McColl, J.H. (2000) Statistics Glossary. Available at: http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/index.html.
Edward N. Lorenz (1963) ‘Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow’, Journal of Atmospheric Science, 20, pp. 130–141. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469.
Epstein, J.M. (2008) ‘Why Model?’, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 11(4). Available at: http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/11/4/12.html.
F. Jeltsch, M. S. Muller, V. Grimm, C. Wissel and R. Brandl (1997) ‘Pattern Formation Triggered by Rare Events: Lessons from the Spread of Rabies’, Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 264(1381), pp. 495–503. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/stable/50537.
George L. W. Perry (2009) ‘Modelling and Simulation’, in A companion to environmental geography. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781444305722.ch20.
Gillman, M. (2009) ‘Population Dynamics: Introduction’, in Encyclopedia of life sciences. New York: Facts On File. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/npg.els.0003164.
Gotelli, N.J. (2008) A primer of ecology. 4th ed. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
Gotelli, N.J. and Ellison, A.M. (2004) ‘A primer of ecological statistics’, in A primer of ecological statistics. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates Publishers.
H. Charles Romesburg (1981) ‘Wildlife Science: Gaining Reliable Knowledge’, The Journal of Wildlife Management, 45(2), pp. 293–313. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/stable/3807913.
Haefner, J.W. and SpringerLink (Online service) (2005) Modeling biological systems: principles and applications [electronic resource]. 2nd ed. New York: Springer. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b106568.
Hardisty, J., Taylor, D.M. and Metcalfe, S.E. (1993) Computerised environmental modelling: a practical introduction using Excel. Chichester, West Sussex, England: J. Wiley & Sons.
Hatamian, T.S. (2001) ‘Mathematical fortune-telling’, Complexity, 6(5), pp. 27–40. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/cplx.1049.
Heino, M. and Enberg, K. (2009) ‘Sustainable Use of Populations and Overexploitation’, in Encyclopedia of life sciences. New York: Facts On File. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0020476.
Helen M. Regan, Mark Colyvan and Mark A. Burgman (2002) ‘A Taxonomy and Treatment of Uncertainty for Ecology and Conservation Biology’, Ecological Applications, 12(2), pp. 618–628. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/stable/3060967.
Hilborn, R. and Mangel, M. (1997) The ecological detective: confronting models with data [electronic resource]. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/auckland/detail.action?docID=1113396.
Howard, A.D. (1965) ‘Geomorphological systems; equilibrium and dynamics’, American Journal of Science, 263(4), pp. 302–312. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.263.4.302.
Jeffrey S. Dean, Robert C. Euler, George J. Gumerman, Fred Plog, Richard H. Hevly and Thor N. V. Karlstrom (1985) ‘Human Behavior, Demography, and Paleoenvironment on the Colorado Plateaus’, American Antiquity, 50(3), pp. 537–554. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/stable/280320?sid=primo&origin=crossref&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
Joel P. W. Pitt, Sue P. Worner and Andrew V. Suarez (2009) ‘Predicting Argentine Ant Spread over the Heterogeneous Landscape Using a Spatially Explicit Stochastic Model’, Ecological Applications, 19(5), pp. 1176–1186. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/40347260.
John R. Platt (1964) ‘Strong Inference’, Science, 146(3642), pp. 347–353. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/stable/1714268.
John W. Fitzpatrick, Martjan Lammertink, M. David Luneau Jr., Tim W. Gallagher, Bobby R. Harrison, Gene M. Sparling, Kenneth V. Rosenberg, Ronald W. Rohrbaugh, Elliott C. H. Swarthout, Peter H. Wrege, Sara Barker Swarthout, Marc S. Dantzker, Russell A. Charif, Timothy R. Barksdale, J. V. Remsen Jr., Scott D. Simon and Douglas Zollner (2005) ‘Ivory-Billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) Persists in Continental North America’, Science, 308(5727), pp. 1460–1462. Available at: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1114103.
Lane, D.M. (2003) HyperStat Online: An Introductory Statistics Textbook and Discussion of whether most published research is false. Available at: http://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/.
Laurance, W.F. and Williamson, G.B. (2001) ‘Positive Feedbacks among Forest Fragmentation, Drought, and Climate Change in the Amazon’, Conservation Biology, 15(6), pp. 1529–1535. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.01093.x.
Lazar, N. (2010) ‘Ockham’s Razor’, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 2(2), pp. 243–246. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.75.
Lenton, T.M. and Williams, H.T.P. (2013) ‘On the origin of planetary-scale tipping points’, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 28(7), pp. 380–382. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2013.06.001.
Levin, S.A. (1997) ‘Mathematical and Computational Challenges in Population Biology and Ecosystems Science’, Science, 275(5298), pp. 334–343. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5298.334.
Lowry, R. (2003) Inferential Statistics. Available at: http://vassarstats.net/textbook/.
van Maanen, B. et al. (2013) ‘Modeling the morphodynamic response of tidal embayments to sea-level rise’, Ocean Dynamics, 63(11–12), pp. 1249–1262. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-013-0649-6.
van Maanen, B., Coco, G. and Bryan, K.R. (2015) ‘On the ecogeomorphological feedbacks that control tidal channel network evolution in a sandy mangrove setting’, in Proceedings of the Royal Society A. Available at: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.2015.0115.
Marten, G. (2005) ‘Environmental Tipping Points: A New Paradigm for Restoring Ecological Security’, Journal of Policy Studies (Japan), 20, pp. 75–87. Available at: http://www.ecotippingpoints.org/resources/publication-journal-of-policy-studies.html.
Mayer, D.G. and Butler, D.G. (1993) ‘Statistical validation’, Ecological Modelling, 68(1–2), pp. 21–32. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(93)90105-2.
McNamara, D.E. and Werner, B.T. (2008) ‘Coupled barrier island–resort model: 1. Emergent instabilities induced by strong human-landscape interactions’, Journal of Geophysical Research, 113(F1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JF000840.
Millington, J. et al. (2008) ‘An Agent-Based Model of Mediterranean Agricultural Land-Use/Cover Change for Examining Wildfire Risk’, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 11(4). Available at: http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/11/4/4.html.
Müller, P. (2010) ‘Constructing climate knowledge with computer models’, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 1(4), pp. 565–580. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.60.
Mulligan, M. and Wainwright, J. (2005) ‘Modelling and model building’, in J. Wainwright and M. Mulligan (eds) Environmental Modelling. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., pp. 7–68. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/lib/auckland/reader.action?ppg=27&docID=10650971&tm=1453163605208.
Murphy, B.P. and Bowman, D.M.J.S. (2012) ‘What controls the distribution of tropical forest and savanna?’, Ecology Letters, 15(7), pp. 748–758. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01771.x.
Murray, A.B. (2003) ‘Contrasting the goals, strategies, and predictions associated with simplified numerical models and detailed simulations’, in P.R. Wilcock and R.M. Iverson (eds) Prediction in geomorphology. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, pp. 151–165. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/doi/10.1029/135GM11/summary.
Murray, A.B., Coco, G. and Goldstein, E.B. (2014) ‘Cause and effect in geomorphic systems: Complex systems perspectives’, Geomorphology, 214, pp. 1–9. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.03.001.
Naomi Oreskes, Kristin Shrader-Frechette and Kenneth Belitz (1994) ‘Verification, Validation, and Confirmation of Numerical Models in the Earth Sciences’, Science, 263(5147), pp. 641–646. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/stable/2883078.
Oreskes, N. (2003) ‘The role of quantitative models in science’, in C.D.W. Canham, J. Cole, and W.K. Lauenroth (eds) Models in ecosystem science. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, pp. 14–31.
O’Sullivan, D. and Perry, G.L.W. (2013) Spatial simulation: exploring pattern and process. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118527085.
Pauly, D. et al. (2002) ‘Towards sustainability in world fisheries’, Nature, 418(6898), pp. 689–695. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01017.
Pidgeon, N. and Fischhoff, B. (2011) ‘The role of social and decision sciences in communicating uncertain climate risks’, Nature Climate Change, 1(1), pp. 35–41. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1080.
Quarteroni, A. (2009) ‘Mathematical models in science and engineering’, Notices of the AMS, 56(1), pp. 10–19. Available at: https://www.ams.org/notices/200901/tx090100010p.pdf.
Quinn, G.P. and Keough, M.J. (2002) Experimental design and data analysis for biologists. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
R. F. Costantino, R. A. Desharnais, J. M. Cushing and Brian Dennis (1997) ‘Chaotic Dynamics in an Insect Population’, Science, 275(5298), pp. 389–391. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/stable/2891006.
Ran Nathan, Uriel N. Safriel and Imanuel Noy-Meir (2001) ‘Field Validation and Sensitivity Analysis of a Mechanistic Model for Tree Seed Dispersal by Wind’, Ecology, 82(2), pp. 374–388. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2679866.
Richardson, K.A. (2003) ‘On the limits of bottom-up computer simulation: towards a nonlinear modeling culture’, in 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the. IEEE. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2003.1174227.
Robert L. Axtell, Joshua M. Epstein, Jeffrey S. Dean, George J. Gumerman, Alan C. Swedlund, Jason Harburger, Shubha Chakravarty, Ross Hammond, Jon Parker and Miles Parker (2002) ‘Population Growth and Collapse in a Multiagent Model of the Kayenta Anasazi in Long House Valley’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(10), pp. 7275–7279. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/stable/3057853.
Rowntree, D. (2004) Statistics without tears: a primer for non-mathematicians. Classic ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Ruckelshaus, M., Hartway, C. and Kareiva, P. (1997) ‘Assessing the Data Requirements of Spatially Explicit Dispersal Models’, Conservation Biology, 11(6), pp. 1298–1306. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96151.x.
SCHNEIDER, D.C. (2001) ‘The Rise of the Concept of Scale in Ecology’, BioScience, 51(7). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0545:TROTCO]2.0.CO;2.
Schwämmle, V. and Herrmann, H.J. (2003) ‘Geomorphology: Solitary wave behaviour of sand dunes’, Nature, 426(6967), pp. 619–620. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/426619a.
Sibley, D.A. (2006) ‘Comment on “Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) Persists in Continental North America”’, Science, 311(5767), pp. 1555a–1555a. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1122778.
Smith, E. (2002) ‘Uncertainty analysis’, in Encyclopedia of environmetrics. Chichester: Wiley.
Sokal, R.R. and Rohlf, F.J. (1995) Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. 3rd ed. New York: Freeman.
Spiegelhalter, D., Pearson, M. and Short, I. (2011) ‘Visualizing Uncertainty About the Future’, Science, 333(6048), pp. 1393–1400. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1191181.
StatSoft (2013) Electronic Statistics Textbook. Available at: https://statisticasoftware.wordpress.com/2012/04/12/electronic-statistics-textbook/.
Stefanon, L. et al. (2012) ‘Signatures of sea level changes on tidal geomorphology: Experiments on network incision and retreat’, Geophysical Research Letters, 39(12). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051953.
Sterman, J.D. (2000) ‘Learning In and About Complex Systems.’, Reflections, 1(3), pp. 24–51. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/sdr.4260100214.
Stockdon, H.F. et al. (2006) ‘Empirical parameterization of setup, swash, and runup’, Coastal Engineering, 53(7), pp. 573–588. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2005.12.005.
Svoray, T. and Nathan, R. (2003) Spatially and temporally realistic and dynamic modelling for effects of water, temperature and light on tree population spread, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on GeoComputation. Southhampton U.K.: GeoComputation. Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20220120044142/http://www.geocomputation.org/2003/Papers/Svoray_Paper.pdf.
‘The Method of Multiple Working Hypotheses’ (1890) Science, 15(366), pp. 92–96. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/stable/1764336.
Thompsom, N.S. and Derr, P. (2009) ‘Contra Epstein, Good Explanations Predict’, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 12(9). Available at: http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/12/1/9.html.
Thorsten Wiegand, Florian Jeltsch, Ilkka Hanski and Volker Grimm (2003) ‘Using Pattern-Oriented Modeling for Revealing Hidden Information: A Key for Reconciling Ecological Theory and Application’, Oikos, 100(2), pp. 209–222. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/stable/3548178.
Turner, M.G., Gardner, R.H. and O’Neill, R.V. (2001) Landscape ecology in theory and practice: pattern and process. New York: Springer. Available at: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2Fb97434.
Venette, Robert. C., Kriticos, Darren J. Magarey, Roger D. Koch, Frank H. Baker, Richard H. A. (no date) ‘Pest Risk Maps for Invasive Alien Species: A Roadmap for Improvement’, Bioscience, (5), pp. 349–362. Available at: https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A226474370/BIC?u=learn&sid=summon&xid=e2365909.
Volker Grimm, Eloy Revilla, Uta Berger, Florian Jeltsch, Wolf M. Mooij, Steven F. Railsback, Hans-Hermann Thulke, Jacob Weiner, Thorsten Wiegand and Donald L. DeAngelis (2005a) ‘Pattern-Oriented Modeling of Agent-Based Complex Systems: Lessons from Ecology’, Science, 310(5750), pp. 987–991. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/stable/3842807.
Volker Grimm, Eloy Revilla, Uta Berger, Florian Jeltsch, Wolf M. Mooij, Steven F. Railsback, Hans-Hermann Thulke, Jacob Weiner, Thorsten Wiegand and Donald L. DeAngelis (2005b) ‘Pattern-Oriented Modeling of Agent-Based Complex Systems: Lessons from Ecology’, Science, 310(5750), pp. 987–991. Available at: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/stable/3842807.
Walker, W.E. et al. (2003a) ‘Defining uncertainty: a conceptual basis for uncertainty management in model-based decision support’, Integrated Assesment, 4(1), pp. 5–17. Available at: http://journals.sfu.ca.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/int_assess/index.php/iaj/article/view/122/79.
Walker, W.E. et al. (2003b) ‘Defining uncertainty: a conceptual basis for uncertainty management in model-based decision support’, Integrated Assesment, 4(1), pp. 5–17. Available at: http://journals.sfu.ca.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/int_assess/index.php/iaj/article/view/122/79.
Winsberg, E. (2009) ‘Computer Simulation and the Philosophy of Science’, Philosophy Compass, 4(5), pp. 835–845. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-9991.2009.00236.x.
Worm, B. et al. (2009) ‘Rebuilding Global Fisheries’, Science, 325(5940), pp. 578–585. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1173146.
Zhou, Z. et al. (2014) ‘A comparative study of physical and numerical modeling of tidal network ontogeny’, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 119(4), pp. 892–912. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003092.
Zuur, A.F., Ieno, E.N. and Elphick, C.S. (2010) ‘A protocol for data exploration to avoid common statistical problems’, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 1(1), pp. 3–14. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2009.00001.x.
Zuur, A.F., Ieno, E.N. and Smith, G.M. (2007) Analysing ecological data. New York: Springer. Available at: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-0-387-45972-1.